In 1970, James L. Fergason created the first operating LCD following his discovery of the twisted nematic field effect.
LCDs are electronic displays utilizing segments of liquid crystal with varying reflectivity depending on the applied voltage. The twisted nematic field effect causes the molecules to align themselves with an electric field, decreasing transparency on the display.
At the time of Fergason’s industry-changing creation, he was working with the Liquid Crystal Institute at Kent State University, and previous LCDs only provided limited life and poor visual contrast. His work revolutionized the use of liquid crystal, starting with quartz watches and calculators, followed by computers.
Why It Matters: The visual displays of everything from medical tech to the high-definition screens you’ll be watching the next Browns game on all utilize LCDs.
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